autopoeitic machines

Autopoietic machines undertake an incessant process of replacement of their components as they must continually compensate for the external perturbations to which they are exposed. (40)

Thus we will view autopoiesis from the perspective of the onto genesis and phlyogenesis proper to a mecanosphere superposed on the biosphere.(40
)

The phylogenetic evolution of machinism is expressed, at a primary level, by the fact that machines appear across "generations, " one suppressing the other as it becomes obsolete.

It is at the intersection of heterogeneous machini Universes, of different dimensions and with unfamiliar ontolol ical textures, radical innovations and once forgotten, the reactivated, ancestral machinic lines, that the movement i history singularises itself.

The man-machine alterity is thus inextricably linked to machine-machine alterity which operates in relations of cor plementarity or agonistic relations (between war machines) again in the relations of parts or apparatuses. (41)

The reproducibility of the machine is not a pure programmed repetition. The scansions of upture and indifferentiation, which uncouple a model from jany support, introduce their own share of both ontogenetic and phylogenetic difference.

The relations of technological machines between themselves, and the way their respective parts fit together, presuppose a formal serialisation and a certain perdition of their singularity - stronger than that of living machines - correlative to a distance between the machine manifested in energetico-spatio-temporal coordinates and the diagrammatic machine which develops in more deterritorialised coordinates.

The diagrammatic and its editions, example the key scenario.

I call this operation d alised smoothing and it applies as much to the normal the machine's constitutive materials as it does to thei and functional description.

Machinic Alterity and its forms
We have already encountered a certain number of registers of machinic alterity:

- the alterity of proximity between different machinE between different parts of the same machine;

- the alterity of an internal, material consistency;

- the alterity of formal, diagrammatic consistency; - the alterity of the evolutionary phylum;

- the agonistic alterity between machines of war, whose longation we could associate with the "auto-agonistic" ali of desiring machines which tend towards their own collar and abolition.

Another form of alterity which has only been appro very indirectly, is the alterity of scale, or fractal alterity, , (45)

Multivalence of Alterity
Example: the African legba: pile of sand of multipurpose and heterogenous purposes layered.

Machinic Heterogenesis:1

Guattari starts with the curious description of the machinic world as a "bestiary" a curious word, that indeed gives the machine a geneological sensibility. As in the dedalian epic, the machine is indeed part of a bestiary, its animation a result of techne:

Guattari sums up three techne:

Aristotle: "create what nature found impossible to accomplish"
Wiener: Cybernetic machines embedded with the prinicple of feedback.
Maturana and Varela: Autopoesis
Heidegger: Unmasking the truth. (p34)

The machine is defined and analized along the lines of technological, social, semiotic and axiological avatars.

The machine carries a "specific enunciative consistancy"

this refers to the layered scheme that is overlayed on every aspect of the machine: ultimately the abstracted layer coincides with a finalized "diagramatic schema"

the layers or as he refers to it the components:

material and energy
semiotic, diagramatic and calculations (that lead to the fabrication)
individual and collective mental representations
investments of desiring machines that produce a subjectivity.
abstract machines-the last layer imposing itself on all of the previous (34-35)

machinic assemblage: has the power of ontological affirmation

hammer example: if it were to loose its animistic componants, it will be deterretorialized to its preceding machinic form. This is an attempt to the essential:

Another scheme however extends the machine:

hammer extends itself in relations to the arm and the nail, beyond that to the guild of blacksmiths: " it is impossible to deny the participation of human thought in the essence of machinism".

A critical point especially when we start to consider the issues of artificial intellegence and the construction of mimetic machines. From a structuralist point of view, everything can be broken down to the semiological, yet "this continual emergence of sense and effects does not concern the redundancy of mimesis but the production of an effect of singular sense, even though indefinitely reproducable" (p37)

Autopoesis is distinguished: it is interellated and reliant on the inputs and outputs of feedbacks: "it is haunted by the desire for eternity". The machinic on the otherhand is dependant on alterity: dependant on an external relationship. Its emergence is doubled with "break down and catastropy" (37)

Allopoeisis
Not auto generating. Produce something other than themselves
Autopoeisis
Self generating and able to set its own production

Machine and evolution

39 to 42
Machines evolve in their rhizome. Emerging at differing temporal locations and within poly temporal locations. They emerge and become interdependent to each other’s time line.
The machine is broadly defined here as having an ability to manifest virtual polarities: ie to set up a relationship of intentional relationships. A pile of stones is not a machine, but a wall is because it sets up conditions and relations.
These machines are also overlayed with a diagrammatic rhizome that is often shared and evolutionary.

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